Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground
It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."
But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with
the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
"Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work," Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they' re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home___________
[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation
[B]generated more stress than the workplace
[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement
[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A]Working mothers
[B]Childless husbands
[C] Childless wives
[D]Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay___________
[A]they are both bread winners and housewives
[B]their home is also a place for kicking back
[C]there is often much housework left behind
[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________
[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment
[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree
Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-gene ration students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the'rules of the game，'and take advantage of college resou rces," they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students' like them can improve .
26. Recruiting more first-generation students has
[A]reduced their d ropout rates
[B]narrowed the achievement gao
[C] missed its original pu rpose
[D]depressed college students
27 The author of the research article are optimistic because
[A]the problem is solvable
[B]their approach is costless
[q the recruiting rate has increased
[D]their finding appeal to students
28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students
[A]study at private universities
[B]are from single-pa rent families
[q are in need of financial support
[D]have failed their collage
29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students
[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects
[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that--
[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class
[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences
[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text3
Even in traditional offices，"the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，" said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples."If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion."
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very "team"-oriented-and not by coincidence."Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's the idea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win".
These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm."You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，"saidKhurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The "mommy wars" of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still can'thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your "passion," you'II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it." In a workplace that's fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become________
[A]more e motional
[B]more objective
[C]less energetic
[D]less energetic
[E]less strategic
32."team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________
[A]historical incidents
[B]gender difference
[C]sports culture
[D]athletic executives
33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________
[A]revive historical terms
[B]promote company image
[C]foster corporate cooperation
[D]strengthen employee loyalty
34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________
[A]voices for working women
[B]appeals to passionate workaholics
[C]triggers dcbates among mommies
[D]praises motivated employees
35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
[A]Managers admire it but avoid it
[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense
[C]Companies find it to be fundamental
[D]Regular people mock it but accept it
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is "yes."they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A. The prospect of a thriving job market.
B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
C. The possibility of full employment.
D. The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they
A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US
A. is harder to acquire than one year ago
B. shows a general tendency of decline
C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
D. is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .
A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses.
A. employment in the US
B. part-timer classification
C. insurance through Medicaid
D. Obamacare's trouble
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh Times
Uefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won't last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.
41.
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42 .
If you are by and
43. .
Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44..
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.
45 .
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
Section Ⅲ Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
47.Direerions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2)call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address.(10 points)
Part B
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comment.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
2015考研英语(二)参考答案
Directions:完型填空题
1 .C signal
2 .D much
3. C plugged
4. A message
5. C behind
6. A misinterpreted
7. B judged
8. D unfamiliar
9. B anxious
10. D turn
11.A dangerous
12. A hurt
13.B conversation
14. D passengers
15.C predict
16. D ride
17.A went through
18.C in fact
19.B since
20 B simple
阅读题答案
Text 1 答案
21. D offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22. B childless husbands
23. A they are both bread winners and housewives
24. C earnings
25. B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
Text2 答案
26. C miss its original purpose
27. A the problem is solvable
28. C are in need offinancial support
29. D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30. D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text3 答案
31. A more emotional
32. C sports culture
33.D strengthen employee loyalty
34.A voices for working women
35. C companies find it to be fundamental
Text4
36. B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs
37. C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
38. B shows a general tendency of decline
39. B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance
40.A
阅读新题型
41 .D Most of your fearsare unreal
42. E Think about the [resent moment
43.G There are many things to be grateful for
44.A You are not alone
45. C Pave your own unique path
Section Ⅲ Translation参考译文：
想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。无论如何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。在这类旅行中，我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关注路边的风景。结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。
这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。
我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。当我们在知名的路途中行驶时，我们不必过于集中精力，时间似乎过得飞快。随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象模糊。此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。
参考范文：
Notice
The Students' Union are arranging for a summer camp for high school students to broaden their horizon and experience different life.As there are some foreign students,who will also attend it,some volunteers are needed.The details are as follows.
To begin with,the summer camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July 22nd.That is to say,it will last for about one week and the theme is "Loving your country,Loving the world".What is more,different kinds of activities are included during the camp,like knowledge competition, patriotic songs contest, drama contest and so on.Last but not least,volunteers should be those who are good at communicating with foreigners and also take an active part in activities.
If you have any questions,please do not hesitate to contact us at 5678 soon.
Students' Union
Part B
范文：
The pie chart provides some interesting data regarding the family expense of urban residents during Spring Festival in our country. As is shown above, the family expense during the holiday is mainly used for gifts, accounting 40 percent of the whole expense.
Obviously, such statistics regarding family expenses reflects the lifestyles of the average urban family in China. To begin with, the most expense used for buying presents suggests that Chinese people are more likely to enjoy a lifestyle of communication during holidays, which may add more flavor to their routine life. What's more, it is interesting to note that urban residents attach importance to giving others gifts, thereby devoting much of the income to gifts for friends, relatives and family members. In addition, there is no denying in saying that the major factor responsible for the phenomenon is that urban people posses more money available for gifts thanks to the growth of urban economy.
Taking above-mentioned analysisinto account, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion: as the society further develops, the trend mirrored by the table is bound to continue for a couple of years in the forthcoming future.
(饼状图)我国某市民春节假期花销比例(新年礼物40% ，交通20% ，聚会吃饭20% ，其他20% )这篇饼状图避开了热点话题，考察主题中规中矩，关于我国某城市居民开销花费问题(生活类话题)。考察的形式是英语二从未考察过的饼状图(在 1997 年考研英语饼状图出现过一次)，如果事先准备不充分的考生，很可能会有点恐慌。针对这篇文章，三个段落的写作分别如下：
第一段描述这个饼状图，包括其中各自的数据组成，并且可以将其中最大的一部分即新年礼物的数据突出。最后再简要地交代一句，尽管数字看似孤立，但是数字之间紧密联系。
第二段的写法多种多样，如果针对这种送新年礼物的作风进行评析，可以作为一个负面话题来分析原因或者例子;也可以作文一个正面话题来谈论，谈一谈这种人际交往的形式—互送礼物，增强朋友家人的感情;甚至可以作文一个中立话题来谈一谈假期开销在不同的方面，消费形式的多种多样。
第三段的写法就是传统地预测一下趋势，对这个事情简要评析一下，再对多姿多彩的社会和假期生活憧憬一下即可。
在单词的考察方面较难的单词也不过是居民(citizen，resident)和消费(consume，consumption)。其他的单词就比较简单，包括聚会(party，reunion)，交通(traffic)，新年礼物(gifts)，其他(others)。